Manipulation resistive combination lock



April 6 1965 J. M. RICHARDSON 3,176,486

MANIPULATION RESISTIVE COMBINATION LOCK Filed July l2, 1963 3Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEYS April e, 1965 Filed JuAly l2, 1965 J. M.RICHARDSON MANIPULATION RESISTIVE COMBINATION LOCK 3 Sheets-Sheet 2ATTORNEYS April 6, 1965 J. M. RICHARDSON 3,176,486

MANIPULATION RESISTIVE COMBINATION LOCK Filed July 12, 1963 3Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR.

JackMRiahzuzson/ ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,176,486 ULA'HNRESHSTIVE COMBXNATEGN LCK aclr M. Richardson, Canton, Gillo, assigner toDiebold, Incorporated, Canton, Ohio, a corporation of luo Filed .luly12, 1963, Ser. No. 294,481 13 Claims. (Cl. 70133) The invention relatesto combination locks having overcenter spring means for preventingdetection of the combination of the lock by manipulation of the same,and more particularly to certain improvements upon and simplification ofthe mechanisms disclosed in Herlong Patents No. 3,045,466 and No.3,045,467, dated July 24, 1962.

Each of these patents discloses the over-center spring means applied toa combination lock of the general type disclosed in Abbott and MillerPatent No. 1,956,304, dated April 24, 1934.

Combination locks of the general type disclosed in said Abbott andMiller patent comprise a housing with a plurality of coaxial cylindricaltumblers of equal diameters rotatably mounted within the housing. Aspindle extends into the housing and has a knob on its outer end,rotatable within a dial ring, and a cylindrical driver cam, with anoperating notch or gate in its periphery, is fixed upon the spindlebeyond the tumblers.

Usual pin, lever and circular segment means coact between the driver camand the innermost tumbler, and between each tumbler and the next outertumbler, as disclosed in detail in said Abbott and Miller patent,whereby by manipulation of the dial and setting the combination, thegates or notches of the tumblers are aligned with each other and withthe operating notch or gate in the driver ca m for unlocking the lock.

Locks of this general type also include bolt means and an operatinglever operatively connected thereto and having a driver lug or tonguedepending from its outer end and a fence extending from the inner sidethereof parallel with the axis of the tumblers.

When the tumbler gates are Valignetil with each other and with thefence, and the operating notch in the driver cam is aligned with thedriver lug or tongue, the fence is permitted to drop into the tumblergates and the tongue is permitted to `drop into the operating notch ofthe driver cam, whereby the bolt means may be withdrawn from itsextended locking position, or may also be extended to locking position,by suitable rotation of the spindle. After the bolt means is extendedinto locking position, the spindle may be ,spun in reverse direction toscramble the combination by turning the tumblers so that the gates areout of alignment with each other,

Locks of the general character of said Abbott and Miller patent arewidely used today and have become standardized to a point where allcommon types of such locks operate on substantially the same broadprinciple. Through such standardization, these locks are now relativelyinexpensive to produce, and are kept on such lowcost basis through'theelimination of high precision in the manufacture thereof.

As far as is known, except for locks made under the above named Herlongpatents, there is no combination lock upon the market today that cannotbe operated by those familiar with the broad principles thereof, eventhough the particular combination is not known to them.

Of the above mentioned Herlong patents, the former discloses a lockenclosed within a rectangular casing and having a single reciprocatingbolt, and the latter patent discloses a lock enclosed within a circularcasing in which a rotary cam plate retracts and projects a plurality oflock bolts to unlocked and locked positions respectively.

ICC

ln each of said Herlong patents, the over-center spring means includes aspring-connected trigger and lever ac tuator, the lever actuator beingoperatively connected to the operating lever which carries the fence fordropping into the tumbler gates and the tongue or driver lug fordropping into the operating notch in the driver cam.

A principal object of the vinvention is to provide a positivelypick-proof combination lock of the type of said Herlong patents, inwhich the lever actuator is omitted and the spring connects the triggerdirectly to the operating lever, whereby the action of the lock isspeeded up.

Another object of the invention is to provide a lock of the characterreferred to in which the lock is enclosed within a rectangular casingand provided with a single reciprocating bolt, in which the mechanismincludes the best features of the circular lock mechanism disclosed inHerlong Patent No. 3,045,467.

A further object of the invention is to provide a lock of this characterenclosed within a rectangular casing and having a single locking boltretracted and projected to unlocked and locked positions respectively,by a rotary cam plate.

It is also an yobject of the invention to provide such a lock in which astud on the reciprocating bolt is received in a cam slot in the rotarycam plate for retracting and projecting the bolt, said slot having astraight portion which receives the stud in the locked position of thebolt and thus prevents unauthorized driving or hammering in of the bolt.Y

Another object of the invention is the provision of a combination lockof the character referred to in which the inner or back wall of thecasing cover is provided with an annular weakening groove surroundingthe boss upon which the tumblers are rotatable, so that any attempt toopen the lock by hammering or driving in the spindle will cause thecasing wall to break at this point, permitting the tumblers to moveinward and thus preventing further manipulation of the lock.

It is still another object of the invention to generally improve andsimplify locks of this type.

The above and other objects, apparent from the drawings and followingdescription, may be attained, the above described difficulties overcomeand the advantages and results obtained, by the apparatus, construction,arrangements and combinations, subcombinations and parts which comprisethe present invention, a preferred embodiment of which, illustrative ofthe best mode in which applicant has contemplated applying theprinciple, being set forth in detail in the following description andillustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In general terms, the invention may be briefly Stated as comprising acombination lock of the rectangular-case type provided With a tubularsleeve or boss integral with the inner or back wall of the casing, asubstantially circular weakiug groove in said back wall surrounding thetubular sleeve or boss. Y

A series of rotatable tumblers having gates therein are rotatablymounted upon said tumbler sleeve or boss, and an axially aligned drivercam, having an operating notch therein, is mounted upon a spindle, theinner end of which is journalled within said sleeve or boss.

A reciprocating bolt has a stud received in a cam slot in a rotary camplate, journalled within the housing concentric with the tumblers anddriver cam. The slot in the rotary cam plate has an arcuate portion forprojecting and retracting the bolt and a straight portion for preventingthe bolt from being driven in'by force.

An operating lever is pivotally connected at one end to 'a bracketrigidly mounted upon the rotary cam plate and has, at its free end, afence adapted to drop into the gates of the tumbleis when they arealigned with each other, and an extension adapted to drop into theoperating notch of the driver cam.

A trigger is pivotally mounted upon the rotary cam plate and a springconnects one end of the trigger to the operating lever for normallyholding the vsame away from the tumbler. A cam nub, or high point, uponthe operating cam is adapted to engage the trigger once during eachrevolution, to momentarily move the fence towards the tumblers, thespring immediately pulling they fence away from the tumblers andresetting the trigger the instant the trigger is released by the camnub.

Having thus briefly described the invention, reference is now made tothe accompanying drawings, showing a preferred embodiment of theinvention in which:

FIG. l is an elevation of the lock, with the cover plate removed,showing the lock bolt in the extended or locked position, and theover-center, spring-actuated, .operating lever holding the fence outaway from the tumblers;

FIG. 2 is a view `similar to FIG. l, showing the parts in the positionwhen the trigger is tripped by the cam nub on the driver cam so as tothrow the spring over center pulling the operating lever downwardtherewith so that the fence momentarily touches the peripheries of thetumblers; v

FIG. 3 is a section through the lock taken on the lline 3 3, FIG. 1;FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2, showing the gates in the tumblersaligned with each other and with the fence, and showing the fencedropped into the gates of the tumblers, and the driving lug located inthe operating notch of the driver cam;

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, showing the tumblers rotated toposition to withdraw the bolt to unlocked position;

FIG. 6 is a plan sectional View of the lock taken as on the line 6 6,FIG. l;

FIG. 7 is a detached elevation of the sub-assembly comprising the rotarycam plate with the bracket pivotally mounting the operating leverthereon, the trigger pivotally mounted on the cam plate and theover-center spring connecting the trigger directly to the operatinglever;

FIG. 8 is a section takenon the line 8--8, FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a detached perspective View of the driver cam;

FIG. 10 is a detached perspective View of the operating lever;

FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of thetrigger, spacer washer andpivot screw therefor; and

FIG. l2 is a fragmentary elevation of a portion of the interior of thecover showing the annular weakening groove and the lock bolt stud guideVgroove therein, taken on the line 12`-12, FIG. 6.

The improved manipulation resistive combination lock as illustratedcomprises a rectangular casing indicated generally at 1, mounted on theinner face of a door 2,1

which may be the door of a safe or the like. The lock mechanism per seis of conventional construction, such as shown in said Abbott and Millerpatent above referred to.

The construction comprising the present invention, namely theimprovements upon the over-center spring mechanism for preventingmanipulation, as disclosed in said Hcrlong patents, are incorporated inthis conventional construction of rectangular casing type combinationlock, and such improvements are hereinafter described in detail.

The front wall 3 of the lock case is provided with an aperture 4formed'therethrough and providing a hollow cylindrical boss 5. The case1 is positioned on the door 2 so that the aperture 4 is in axialalignment with a smaller diameter aperture 6 in the door.

A dial ring 7 is mounted on the outer face of the door and a knob d,with dial 9 thereon, is rotatable relative to the dial ring in usualmanner, being mounted upon the spindle itil, which is journalled throughthe door, the threaded end thereof extending into the lock casing.V

for unlocking the lock. Y The operating lever 36 is shown in detail inFIG. 10.l

:trasse The rotary cam plate 11 has the circular opening 12 journalledupon the cylindrical boss 5 in the front Wall of the lock casing. A camslot is formed in the cam plate 11, comprising the arcuate portion 13and the straight end portion 14.

A conventional, radially extend lock bolt 15 is slidably receivedthrough the opening 16 in the side wall 17 of the lock casing. A stud 13is located through the lock bolt 15 and has a head 19 at one endthereofreceived in the cam slot 13-14 in the rotary cam plate 11. The other endof the stud 1S is slidably located in the horizontal guide groove 20 inthe cover 21 of the casing.

The driver cam, indicated generally at 22, is threaded upon the spindle10 and a key 23 may be provided for locking the cam upon the spindle.The usual operating notch 24 is formed in the periphery of the drivercam, to receive the driving lug,as will later be described. An annularboss 25 is formed on one side of the driver cam and provided with a carnnub or projection 26.

As in usual practice, the tumblers 27 are rotatably mounted on thetumbler sleeve or boss 2S which, as shown in FIG. 6, may be formed Vuponthe inner or back wall of the cover 21 of the lock casing. As best shownin FIG. 6, the boss 28 is hollow and the reduced end 16a of the spindle10 may be journalled therein.

The tumblers are of conventional construction and, together with thedriver cam, form a series of tumblers as disclosed in detail in saidAbbott and Miller Patent No. 1,956,304, and the usualY pin, lever andcircular segment means, disclosed in detail in said patent, orequivalent means, coact between the driver carnand the innermosttumbler, and between each tumbler and the next outer tumbler, asdescribed in detail in said patent, Whereby by manipulation of the dialand setting of the combination, the gates 29 of the tumblers 27 arealigned with each other and with the operating notch 24 of the drivercam 22 This operating lever is pivotally mounted upon the rotary camplate 11, by means of the U-shape bearing bracket 31. which is attachedtothe face of the cam plate by screws 32. This brackethas the closed end33 and the leg 34 spaced from the cam plate.

The operating lever Sti has the longitudinal slot 35 therein dividingthe body portion thereof into the spaced legs A bearing portion 37 isformed upon the end of each leg 36 and these bearing portions arepivoted upon the corresponding journals 38 carried by the main bodyportion and the legs 34 thereof.

A fence 39 is formed upon the other end of the operating lever Sti andadapted to enter the gates 29 in the tumblers when said gates arealigned with each other and with the fence. An extension at one end ofthe fence 39 forms a driving lug or tongue 46, for engagement in theoperating notch 24 of the driver cam 22, as in usual and well knownpractice.

A trigger, indicated generally at 41, is pivotally mounted upon the camplate 11, adjacent to the bracket 31, as by the screw 42. The triggerhas an inwardly oset arm 43 extending outwardly from the cam plate 11and terminating at a point located centrally between the main bodyportion and the leg 34 of the bracket 311-.l

An aperture 44 is formed in the end of the offset arm 43 for connectionof one end of the coil spring 45, the other end of which is connected tothe aperture 46at the closed end of the slot', in the operating lever30. The coil spring 45, being located through the slot 3S in theoperating lever 39, permits the spring to move back and forth above andbelow the pivotal center 38 of the operating lever 30.

As shown in FIG. 1, the coil spring 45 is located slightly above thepivotal center 38 of the operating lever 30, so as to press the fence 39upward, or away from the tumblers 27. A tail 48 is formed upon thetrigger 41, On the opposite side of the pivot point 42 thereof from thea', i vease offset arm 43. This tail is held in contact with the stud49, upon the cam plate 11, which acts as a stop to hold the triggeragainst further movement in this direction, as best shown in FIG. 1.

The trigger 41 is spaced from the cam plate 11 by the spacer washer uthrough which the pivot screw 42 is located. The trigger is thus held inthe path of the cam nub 26 upon the periphery of the driver cam 22. Witheach rotation of the driver cam 22, as the operating notch 24 thereof isaligned with the fence 39, the cam nub 26 on the driver carn will engagethe trigger, momentarily moving it to the position shown in FIG. 2,moving the spring 45 below the pivotal center 3S and causing the fence39 to momentarily move toward the tumblers 27. The instant the cam nub26 of the driver cam passes out of engagement with the trigger, thespring 45 will pull the parts back to the position shown in FIG. l,again pressing the fence 39 away from the tumblers.

As best shown in FIGS. 6 and 12, an annular groove 51 is formed in theinner surface of the cover 2l, substantially concentric to the tumblersleeve or boss 2S. This groove is for the purpose of weakening thisportion of the cover 2i, so that in the event it is attempted to pickthe lock by hammering or driving the spindle lil inward by force, thiswill merely result in breaking the cover at the weakened groove 51, sothat the tumblers, mounted upon said sleeve or boss 28, will be driveninward therewith, thus preventing any manipulation of the lock.

In the operation of the lock, each time that the driver cam 22 isrotated to the position shown in FIG. 2, the fence 39 is thusmomentarily moved toward the tumblers. If the tumbler gates are notaligned, the fence is immediately moved up away from the tumblers andthe lock remains locked. l

It is not possible to obtain a sense of feel, because the fence is thusonly momentarily moved toward the turnblers, once during each revolutionof the driver cam, and is held away from the tumblers by the spring 45throughout the entire remainder or" each revolution thereof.

Thus, this momentary movement of the fence, once during each revolutionof the driver cam, is of no aid in the surreptitious determination ofthe locations of the turnbler gates.

If, at the time the driver cam 22 reaches the position where the cam nub26 thereon engages the trigger, all of the tumblers 27 have moved topositions where their gates 29 are in alignment with each other, andwith the fence 39, as shown in FIG. 4, the fence will enter the tumblergates as shown in said figure.

4Then by further rotation of the driver cam 22 in counterclockwisedirection, as viewed in the drawings, the rotary cam plate 11 being thenconnected to the driver cam 22 through the driving lug 49 upon theoperating lever 3l), engaging the operating notch Z4 in the driver cam,the rotary cam plate 11 will be moved to the position shown in FIG. 5.

Through the stud 18 ofthe bolt engaging the slot 13-14 of the rotary camplate, the lock bolt l5 will be withdrawn, as shown in FIG. 5, the stud13 being guided through the straight slot 29 in the cover 21, guidingthe lock bolt in a straight path as it is retracted.

Upon reversing of the driver cam 22, through the knob 8 and spindle It),the rotary cam plate ll will be rotated in clockwise direction, asviewed in the drawings, moving the head 19 of the stud 18 back to theupper end of the cam slot 13-14 in the cam plate, as shown in FIGS. 1y

and-2, thus projecting the bolt 15 outward to locked position.

It will be seen that in the locked position, the stud 18 upon the lockbolt 1S is located in the upper end of the straight portion 14 of thecam slot in the rotary cam plate 11. This prevents the bolt 15 frombeing hammered or driven inward by force in an unauthorized attempt topick the lock.

As in the Herlong patents, the over-center spring mechanism preventssurreptitious detection of the combination by pressing the fence awayfrom the tumblers at all times, excepting momentarily, during eachrotation of the driver cam 22, when the cam nub 26 thereof engages thetrigger and moves the trigger to the position of FIG. 2, momentarilymoving the fence 39 toward the tumblers as the spring 45 moves down overcenter, after which the fence is instantaneously moved away from thetumblers by movement of the spring upward over center as soon as the camnub 26 is disengaged from the trigger.

It will be obvious that locks of the type of Herlong Patent No.3,045,466, in which the lock is enclosed within a rectangular casing,are improved by substituting the rotary cam plate and the type oftrigger disclosed in Herlong Patent No. 3,045,467 for the correspondingparts of the former patent.

It will also be apparent that by eliminating the lever actuator of bothof the Herlong patents, and connecting the spring directly totheoperating lever, the action of the lock is speeded up.

It will also Vbe evident that, as in each of the Herlong patents, thedial, or any added Vernier device or extension thereto, cannot indicateto the pick-lock the distance between the surface of the fence incontact with the tumbler peripheries and the center arial line of thetumblers.

Furthermore, as in each of the Herlong patents, it will be seen thatthis lock cannot be manipulated by being run rapidly to wear down. Ifthe lock is run rapidly until the cam -nub 26 or the trigger, or both,are worn olf so that the trigger cannot be operated thereby, the spring45 will permanently hold the fence 3,-9fou-tward away from the tumblers,as shown in FIG. 1, so that the lock cannot be operated. Y

It will also be obvious that this lock cannot be manipulated by drivingthe spindle inward by force, as this will result in breaking the cover21 at the weakened groove 5l, permitting the tumblers to move inward,and preventing manipulation of the lock.

In the foregoing description Vcertain terms have been used for brevity,clearnessand understanding, lbut no unnecessary limitations are to beimplied therefrom beyond the requirements of thev prior art, becausesuch words are used for descriptive purposes herein and are intended tobe broadly construed.

Moreover, the embodiments `of the improved construetion illustrated anddescribed herein are by Way of example, and the scope of the presentinvention is not limited to the exact details of construction.

Having now described the invention or discovery, the construction, .theoperation, and use of preferred embodiments thereof, and theadvantageous new and useful results obtainedthereby; the new and usefulconstruction, and reasonable mechanical equivalents thereof obvious tothose skilled in the art, are set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a combination lock, a casing, lock means within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of rotatable tumblers having gates intowhich said fence enters upon alignment of said gates and said fence, acam nub upon one of said tumblers, a cam plate rotatably mounted in saidcasing, there being a cam slot in said cam plate, a reciprocable bolt, astud on said bolt received Vin said cam slot, an operating lever pivotedatone end upon said cam plate,

said fence being lixed to the otheriend of said operating lever, atrigger pivoted upon said cam plate, a spring connecteddirectly to saidother end of the operating lever and to said trigger for holding apon-tion of the trigger in the path of said cam nub and for normallypressing said fence laway [from sa-id tumblers, said cam nub beingarranged to engage the trigger once during each revolution of said onetumbler for momentarily moving said fence toward said tumblers, saidspring immediately pressing said fence away from said tumblers aie/'ease.when said trigger is released from said cam nub, said fence beingmovable incidental to rotation of said tumblers after said fence entersthe .gates thereof,'whereby Ysaid movement of the fence by said tumblersrotates -said cam plate to retract said bolt.

2. In a combination lock, a casing, lock means within the casingcomprising a fence, aseries of rotatable, turnblers having gates intowhich said fence enters 'uponV one end of said operating lever, saidfence .being fixed to the other end of said operating lever, a triggerpivoted upon said cam plate, a spring located through said longitudinalslot and connected directly to said other end of the operating lever andto said trigger for holding a 'portion of the trigger in the `path ofsaidcam nub and tor normally pressing said lfence away from saidtumblers, said cam nub being arranged to engage the trigger once `duringeach revolution of said one tumbler for momentarily moving said fencetoward said tumblers,

' ,said spring immediately pressing said fence away fromsaid tumblerswhen said trigger is released from said cam nub, `said fence beingmovable incidental to rotation of said tumblers :after said fence entersthe gates thereof, whereby said movement of the fence by said tumblersrotates said cam plate to retract said bolt.

3. In a combination lock, -a casing, lock means within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of rotatable tumblers having gates intowhich said tence enters upon alignment of said gates and said fence, acam nub upon one of said tumblers, a cam plate rotatably mounted in saidcasing, there being a cam slot in said campplate, said cam slot having astraight portion and an arcuate portion, a reciprocable bolt, a stud onsaid bolt received in said cam slot, said stud being located in thestraight portion of the cam slot when the bolt is in extended position,an operating lever pivoted at one end upon said cam plate, said fencebeing lxed to the other end of said operating lever, a trigger pivotedupon said cam plate, a spring connected directly to ksaid other end ofthe operating lever and to said trigger for holding a portion of thetrigger in the path of said cam nub and for normally pressing said fenceaway from said tumblers, said cam nub being arranged to engage thetrigger once during each revolution of said one tumbler for momentarilymoving said fence toward said tumblers, said vspring immediatelypressing said fence away from said tumblers when said trigger isreleased from said cam nub, said fence being movable incidental torotation of said turnblers after said fence enters the gates thereof,whereby said movement of the fence by said tumblers rotates said camplate to retract said bolt.

4. In a combination lock, a casing, lock means within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of rotatable tumblers having gates intowhich said fence enters upon alignment of said gates and said fence, acam nub upon one of said tumblers, a cam plate rotatably mounted in saidcasing, there being a cam slot in said cam plate, a reciprocable bolt, astud on said bolt received in said cam slot, there being a straightguide groove in the housing, said stud being slidable in said guidegroove, an operating lever pivoted at one end upon said eamplate, saidfence being ixed to the other end of said operating lever, a triggerpivoted upon said cam plate, a spring connected directly to said otherend of the operating lever and to said trigger for holding a portion ofthe trigger in the path of said cam nub and for normally pressing saidfence away from said tumblers, said cam nub being arranged to engage thetrigger once during each revolution of said one tumbler for momentarilymoving said fence toward said tumblers, said spring immediately pressingsaid fence away from said'tumblers when said trigger is released fromsaid cam nub, said fence being `movable incidental to rotation of saidtumblers after said fencey enters the gates thereof, whereby saidmovement of the fence by said tumblers rotates said cam plate to retractsaid bolt.

5. In a combination lock, a casing, lock means within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of rotatable tumblers having gates intowhich said fence enters upon alignment of said gates and said fence, acam nub upon one of said tumblers, a cam plate rotatably mounted in saidcasing, there being a cam slot in said cam plate, said -cam slot havinga straight portion and an arcuate portion, a reciprocable bolt, a studon said bolt received in said cam slot, said stud being 'located in theVstraight portion of the cam slot when the bolt is in extended position,there being a straight guide groove in the housing, said stud beingslidable in said guide groove, an operating lever pivoted at one endupon said cam plate, said fence being fixed to the other end of saidoperating lever, a trigger pivoted upon said cam plate, a springconnected directly to said other end of the operating lever and saidtrigger for holding a portion of the trigger in the path of said cam nuband for normally pressing said fence away from said tumblers, said camnub being arranged to engage the trigger once during each revolution ofsaid one tumbler for momentarily moving said fence toward` saidtumblers, said spring immediately pressing said fence away from saidtumblers when said trigger is released from said cam nub, said fencebeing movable incidental to rotation of said tumblers after said fenceenters the gates thereof, whereby said movement of thefence by saidtumblers rotates said cam plate to retract said bolt.

6. In aY combinationV lock, a casing, lock means within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of rotatable tumblers having gates intowhich said fence enters upon alignment of said gates and said fence,acam nub upon one Y of said tumblers, a cam plate rotatably mounted insaid casing, there being a cam'slot in said cam plate, said can slothaving a straight portion and an arcuate portion, t reciprocable bolt, astud on said bolt received in said cam slot, said stud being located inthe straight portion of the cam slot when the bolt is in extendedposition, an operating lever pivoted at one end upon said cam plate,there being a longitudinal slot in said one end of said operating lever,said fence being fixed to the other end of said operating lever, atrigger pivoted upon said cam plate, a spring located through saidlongitudinal slot and connected directly to `said other end of the`operating lever and to said trigger for holding a portionof the triggerin the path of said cam nub and for normally pressing said fence awayfrom said tumblers, said cam nub being arranged to engage the triggeronce during each revolution of said one tumbler for momentarily movingsaid fence toward said tumblers, said spring immediately pressing saidfence away from said tumblersrwhen said trigger is released from saidcam nub, said fence being movable incidental to rotation of saidtumblers after. said fence enters the gates thereof, whereby saidmovement of the fence by said tumblers ,rotates said cam plate toretract said bolt.

7. In a combination lock, a casing, lock means'within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of rotatable tum-` blers havingV gates intowhich said fence enters upon alignment of said gates and said fence, acam nub upon one of said tumblers, a cam plate rotatably mounted in saidcasing, there being a cam slot in said cam plate, said cam slot having astraight portion and an arcuate portion, a reciprocable bolt, a stud onsaid bolt received in said cam slot, said stud being located in thestraight portion of the cam slot when the bolt is in extended position,there being a straight guide groove in the housing, said stud beingslidable in said guide groove, an operating lever pivoted at one endupon said cam plate, there being `a longitudinal slot in said Ione endof said operating lever,

said fence being fixed to the other end of said operating lever, atrigger pivoted upon said cam plate, a spring located through saidlongitudinal slot and connected directly to said other end of theoperating lever and to said trigger for holding a portion of the triggerin the path of said cam nub and for normally pressing said fence awayfrom said tumblers, said cam nub being arranged to engage the triggeronce during each revolution of said one tumbler for momentarily movingsaid fence toward said tumblers, said spring immediately pressing saidtencev away from said tumblers, when said trigger is released from saidcam nub, said fence being movable incidental to rotation of saidtumblers after said fence enters the gates thereof, whereby saidmovement of the fence by said tumblers rotates said cam plate to retractsaid bolt.

8. In a combination lock, a casing, lock means within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of rotatable tumblers having gates intowhich said fence enters upon alignment of said gates and said fence, acam nub upon one of said tumblers, a cam plate rotatably mounted in saidcasing, there being a cam slot in said cam plate, a reciprocable bolt, astud on said bolt received in said cam slot, there being a straightguide groove in the housing, said stud being slidable in said guidegroove, an operating lever pivoted at 'one end upon said cam plate,there being a longitudinal slot in said one end of said operating lever,said fence being fixed to the other end of said operating lever, atrigger pivoted upon said cam plate, a spring located through saidlongitudinal slot and connected directly to said 'other end of theoperating lever and to said trigger for holding a portion of the triggerin the path of said cam nub and for normally pressing said fence awayfrom said tumblers, said cam nub being arranged to engage the triggeronce during each revolution of said one tumbler for momentarily movingsaid fence toward said tumblers, said spring immediately pressing saidfence away from said tumblers when said trigger is released from saidcam nub, said fence being movable incidental to rotation of saidtumblers after said fence enters the gates thereof, whereby saidmovement of the fence by said tumblers rotates said cam plate to retractsaid bolt.

9. In a combination lock, a casing, lock means within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of rotatable tumblers having gates intowhich said fence enters upon alignment of said gates and said fence, asleeve upon one wall of the casing, certain of said tumblers beingrotatable upon said sleeve, a spindle for rotating said tumblers, theinner end of said spindle being journalled in said sleeve,

a groove in said one wall of the casing surrounding saidv sleeve, a camnub upon one of said tumblers, a cam plate rotatably mounted in saidcasing, there being a cam slot in said cam plate, `a reciprocable bolt,a stud on said bolt received in said cam slot, an operating leverpivoted at one end upon said cam plate, said fence being fixed to theother end of said operating lever, a trigger pivoted upon said camplate, a spring connected directly to said other end of the operatinglever and to said trigger for holding a portion of the trigger in thepath of said earn nub and for normally pressing said fence away fromsaid tumblers, said cam nub being arranged to engage the trigger onceduring each revolution of said one tumbler for momentarily moving saidfence toward said tumblers, said spring immediately pressing said fenceaway from said tumblers when said trigger is released from said cam nub,said fence being movable incidental to rotation of said tumblers aftersaid fence enters the gates thereof, whereby said movement of the fenceby said tumblers rotates said cam plate to retract said bolt.

10. In a combination lock, a casing, lock means within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of rotatable tumblers having gates intowhich said fence enters upon alignment of said gates 'and said fence, acam nub upon one of said tumblers, a cam plate rotatably mounted in saidcasing, there being a cam slot in said cam plate, a reciprocable bolt, astud on said bolt received in said cam slot,

an operating lever pivoted at one end upon said cam plate, said fencebeing tixed to the other end of said operating lever, a trigger pivotedupon said cam plate, a spring connected directly to said other end ofthe operating lever and to said trigger for holding a portion of thetrigger in the path of said cam nub and for normally pressing said fenceaway from said tumblers, said cam nub being arranged to engage thetrigger once during each revolution of said one tumbler for momentarilymoving said fence toward said tumblers, said spring immediately pressingsaid fence away from said tumblers when said trigger is released fromsaid cam nub, said fence being movable incidental to rotation of saidtumblers after said fence enters the gates thereof, whereby saidmovement of the fence by said tumblers rotates s-aid cam plate toretract said bolt, a sleeve upon one wall of the casing, certain of saidtumblers being rotatable upon said sleeve, a spindle for rotating saidtumblers, the inner end of said spindle being journalled in said sleeve,and a groove in said one wall of the casing surrounding said sleeve,whereby impact against the outer end of said spindle will cause said onewall of the casing to break at said groove.

11. In a combination lock, a casing, lock mechanism within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of tumblers mounted for rotation about asingle axis and having gates into which the fence enters upon alignmentof said gates and said fence, bolt mechanism including ya reciprocablebolt, an operating lever pivoted at one end upon said bolt mechanism,said fence being fixed to the other end of said operating lever, saidfence being movable incidental to rotation of said tumblers after saidfence enters the gates thereof, whereby said movement of said fence bysaid tumblers retracts the reciprocable bolt, a sleeve upon one wall ofthe casing, certain Vof said tumblers being rotatable upon said sleeve,a spindle for rotating said tumblers, the inner end of said spindlebeing journalled in said sleeve, and a groove in said one Wall of thecasing surrounding said sleeve, whereby impact against the outer end ofsaid spindle will cause said one wall of the casing to break at saidgroove.

l2. In a combination lock, a casing, lock mechanism within the casingcomprising a fence, a series of tumblers mounted for rotation about asingle axis and having gates into which the fence enters upon alignmentof said gates and said fence, bolt mechanism including a reciprocablebolt, an operating lever pivoted at one end upon said bolt mechanism,said fence being fixed to the other end of said operating lever, a camnub upon `one of said tumblers, a trigger pivoted upon said boltmechanism, a spring connected directly to said 4other end of saidoperating lever and to said trigger for holding a portion of the triggerin the path of said cam nub and for normally pressing said fence awayfrom said tumblers, said cam nub being arranged to engage said triggeronce during each revolution of said one tumbler for momentarily movingsaid fence toward said tumblers, said spring immediately pressing saidfence away from said tumblers, when said trigger is released from saidcam nub, said fence being movable incidental to rotation of saidtumblers after said fence enters the gates thereof, whereby saidmovement of said fence by said tumblers retracts the reciprocable bolt.

13. In a combination lock, a casing, lock mechanism within the casingcomprising -a fence, a series of tumblers mounted for rotation about asingle axis and having gates into which the fence enters upon alignmentof said gates and said fence, bolt'mechanism including a reciprocablebolt, an operating lever pivoted at one end upon said bolt mechanism,said fence being Xed to the other end of said operating lever, a cam nubupon one of saidtumblers, a trigger pivoted upon said bolt mechanism, aspring conneeted directly to said other end of said operating lever andto said trigger forholding a portion of the trigger in the path of saidcam nub and for normally pressing said fence away from said tumblers,said cam nub being arranged to engage Vsaid trigger once during eachrevolution lcidental to Arotation of said tumblers after said fenceenters the gates thereof, whereby lsaid movement of said fence by saidtumblers retrats the reciprocable 1boltka sleeve upon one Wall of thecasing, certain of said tumlblers being rotatable'up'on said sleeve, aspindle for rotating saidtumblers, the inner end of said spindle being1() 'journlled vinsaid sleevfegand a groove in said one wall of thecasing surrounding'slaid sleeve, whereby impact against the other end ofsaid spindle will cause said one wall of the casing to break at saidgroove.

, v12 i References Cited bythe Examiner VUNTTED sTATEs PATENTSV2,660,373 12/*53 Eermettet a1 70-133 3,045,466 7/62 Herlong. 3,045,4677/ 62 Herlong 70-322 FOREIGN PATENTS 57/5`6 Australia.

261,738 705,729 3/54 GreatfBritain. 735*148 8/55 `Great Britain.

.ALBERT KMPE, Primary Exrzmz'lier.

1. IN A COMBINATION LOCK, A CASING, LOCK MEANS WITHIN THE CASINGCOMPRISING A FENCE, A SERIES OF ROTATABLE TUMBLERS HAVING GATES INTOWHICH SAID FENCE ENTERS UPON ALIGNMENT OF SAID GATES AND SAID FENCE, ACAM NUB UPON ONE OF SAID TUMBLERS, A CAM PLATE ROTATABLY MOUNTED IN SAIDCASING, THERE BEING A CAM SLOT IN SAID CAM PLTE, A RECIPROCABLE BOLT, ASTUD ON SAID BOLT RECEIVED IN SAID CAM SLOT, AND OPERATING LEVER PIVOTEDAT ONE END UPON SAID CAM PLATE, SAID FENCE BEING FIXED TO THE OTHER ENDOF SAID OPERATING LEVER, A TRIGGER PIVOTED UPON SAID CAM PLATE, A SPRINGCONNECTED DIRECTLY TO SAID OTHER END OF THE OPERATING LEVER AND TO SAIDTRIGGER FOR HOLDING A PORTION OF THE TRIGGER IN THE PATH OF SAID CAM NUBAND FOR NORMALLY PRESSING SAID FENCE AWAY FROM SAID TUMBLERS, SAID CAMNUB BEING ARRANGED TO ENGAGE THE TRIGGER ONCE DURING EACH REVOLUTION OFSAID ONE TUMBLER FOR MOMENTARILY MOVING SAID FENCE TOWARD SAID TUMBLERS,SAID SPRING IMMEDIATELY PRESSING SAID FENCE AWAY FROM SAID TUMBLERS WHENSAID TRIGGER IS RELEASED FROM SAID CAM NUB, SAID FENCE BEING MOVABLEINCIDENTAL TO ROTATION OF SAID TUMBLERS AFTER SAID FENCE ENTERS THEGATES THEREOF, WHEREBY SAID MOVEMENT OF THE FENCE OF SAID TUMBLERSROTATES SAID CAM PLATE TO RETRACT SAID BOLT.